How to Save Planet Earth - References

Section 1 – The Big Picture

 

Chapter 1 – Case for Change

 

1. World Wildlife Fund Living Planet Report 2020, https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/living-planet-report-2020.

2. National Geographic, November, 2020, “Let’s Not Waste This Moment”, Robert Kunzig.

3. National Geographic, April, 2020, “The Mark of Humanity”, Irene Berman-Vaporis and Matthew W. Chwastyk.

4. “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”, David Wallace-Wells, 2020, Tim Duggan Books.

5. “The Planet Has Lost Half Its Coral Reefs Since 1950”, Corryn Wetzel, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-planet-has-lost-half-of-coral-reefs-since-1950-180978701/.

6. The Guardian, April 3, 2019, “Last time CO2 levels were this high, there were trees at the South Pole”, Damien Carrington,  https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/apr/03/south-pole-tree-fossils-indicate-impact-of-climate-change.

7. “Do the Earth’s Volcanoes Emit More CO2 Than Human Activity?  No.”. https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanoes-can-affect-climate.

8. “Average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere, measured in parts per million (ppm)”, NOAA/ESRL, Bernhard Bereiter, Sarah Eggleston, Jochen Schmitt, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Thomas F. Stocker, Hubertus Fischer, Sepp Kipfstuhl and Jerome Chappellaz. 2015. Revision of the EPICA Dome C CO2 record from 800 to 600 kyr before present. Geophysical Research Letters. Doi: 10.1002/2014GL061957, https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/data.html.

9. Median Temperature Anomaly From 1961-1990 Average, Variable time span, 1850 – 2019, Data published by Met Office Hadley Centre, https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut4/index.html.

10. “Climate and Earth’s Energy Budget”, Rebecca Lindsey, January 4, 2009, https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance.

11. “How Exactly Does Carbon Dioxide Cause Global Warming?”, Sarah Fecht, February 25, 2021, https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/02/25/carbon-dioxide-cause-global-warming/

12. “Global CO2 Emissions From Fossil Fuels and Land Use Change”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions?country=.

13. “Plate Tectonics and Climate Change”, Robert M. DeConto, May 23, 2008, https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/papers2/deconto_tectonics&climate.pdf.

14. “Milankovich Cycles and Carboniferous Climate”,  Thomas J. Crowley,Kuor-Jier Joseph Yip, Steven K. Baum, June 18, 1993, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/93GL01119.

15. “Milankovitch (Orbital) Cycles and Their Role in Earth's Climate”, Alan Buis, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, February 27, 2020, https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2948/milankovitch-orbital-cycles-and-their-role-in-earths-climate/#:~:text=Milankovitch%20(Orbital)%20Cycles%20and%20Their%20Role%20in%20Earth%27s%20Climate.

16. “Albedo and Climate”, UCAR Center for Science Education, https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climate-works/albedo-and-climate.

17. “Using the current seasonal cycle to constrain snow albedo feedback in future climate change, Alex Hall and Xin Qu, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Geophysical Research Letters, 2005.  http://people.atmos.ucla.edu/alexhall/publications/Hall/Hall_Qu_2005.pdf.

 

Chapter 2 – Balance on Planet Earth

 

1. “Population – Global: Evolution of Total Population, 1800 - 2000”, April 29, 2015, Jonathan Fink-Jensen.  https://clio-infra.eu/Indicators/TotalPopulation.html.

2. “World Population Prospects 2019”, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics.                  https://population.un.org/wpp/.

3. Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2020) - "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions.

4. Global Carbon Project. (2021). Supplemental data of Global Carbon Project 2021 (1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2021.

5. Andrew, Robbie M., & Peters, Glen P. (2021). The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5569235.

6. Population figures are sourced from Gapminder (v6), HYDE (v3.2), United Nations Population Division (2019). Links: https://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/gd003/;

https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/;

 https://dataportaal.pbl.nl/downloads/HYDE/.

1. Life Expectancy of the World Population, Worldometer, https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/life-expectancy/.

2. Infant Mortality by Country, 2022, World Population Review,  https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/infant-mortality-rate-by-country.

3. "2020 - Global Report on Food Crises | World Food Programme". www.wfp.org. Retrieved 2021-12-20.  https://www.wfp.org/publications/2020-global-report-food-crises.

4. “An Essay on the Principles of Population”, Malthus, Thomas, originally published in 1798, Feather Trail Press, 2010.

5. “Population Bomb”, Ehrlich, Paul R., 1968, Ballantine Books, a division of Random House.

6. “Welcome to the Monkey House”, Vonnegut, Kurt, 1968, Delacorte Press.

7. “Saving Africa’s Parks”, David Quammen, National Geographic Magazine, December, 2019.

8. “The Money Trees: The role of corporate action in the fight against deforestation”, CDP.net, https://www.cdp.net/en/research/global-reports/the-money-trees.

9. “Global Deforestation Rates and Statistics by Country”, Global Forest Watch, https://www.globalforestwatch.org.

10. Whale ref HCN, 11/26/18, page 3

11. Salmon ref HCN, 9/16/19, “Why are so many gray whales dying?”, Helen Santoro

12. “Vulnerable Bounty”, Mathew W. Chwastyk, National Geographic, November, 2021.

13. “The Skagit River Reconsidered”, Lester Black, High Country News, August, 2021.

14. HCN, 9/4/17, “States restrict chinook fisheries”, Elizabeth Shogren.

15. “A ubiquitous tire rubber–derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon”, Zhenyu Tian, Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA , SCIENCE, 3 Dec 2020, Vol 371, Issue 6525, pp. 185-189, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd6951

16. “Special Report – Global Warming of 1.5 ºC”, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,     https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/faq/faq-chapter-1/.

 

Chapter 3 – The Next 30 Years

 

1. Bernet, Ross, “How Much Carbon Does a Tree Absorb?”, October 5, 2021, One Tree Planted,  https://onetreeplanted.org/blogs/stories/ how-much-co2-does-a-tree-absorb

2. “How much CO2 does a tree absorb?”, www.ecotree.green/en/how-much-CO2-does-a-tree-absorb

3. Stancil, Joanna Mounce, “The Power of One Tree – The Very Air We Breathe”, U. S. Forest Service in Forestry, June 3, 2019, www.usda.gov/media/blog/2015/03/17/power-one-tree-very-air-we-breathe-

4. Schildgen, Bob, “How Much Carbon Do Trees Really Store?”, Sierra Club, March 21, 2016, www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2016-2-march-april/ask_mr_green/how-much-carbon-do-trees-really-store

5. B10numb3r5 – The Database of useful biological numbers – Entered by Uri M.  https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=3&id=112912

6. Jacobs, Jim, “California forests 80% to 600% denser than 150 years ago, UC researcher says biomass is one of the answers”, September 15, 2020.  www.Gvwire.com/category/education/search

7. Fahey, Tom J., Professor of Ecology, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, as quoted in “Tree Power”, by Ray, C. Claiborne, December 3, 2012.  https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/04/science/how-many-pounds-of-carbon-dioxide-does-our-forest-absorb.html

8. “Perfecting a Stand – Density Index for Even-Aged Forests”, Reineke, L.H., Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 46, No. 7, 1933.  www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/cfres/cfres_1933_reineke001.pdf

9. “A Spatial Model of Tree Alpha Diversity and Tree Density for the Amazon”, ter Steege, Hans, et al, Biodiversity and Conservation, January, 2003.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254774213_A_spatial_model_of_tree_alpha-diversity_and_tree_density_for_the_Amazon?enrichId=rgreq-9b949df860714f865df9b6fd41b9f448-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NDc3NDIxMztBUzo2ODk5NDIzOTMwMTIyMjdAMTU0MTUwNjQ5MzUzNw%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf

10. “Hyper dominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora”, ter Steege, et al, Science, October 21, 2013.  Doi: 10.1126/science, 1243092.

11. Harris, N.L., Gibbs, D.A., Baccini, A. et al. Global maps of twenty-first century forest carbon fluxes. Nat. Clim. Chang. 11, 234–240 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00976-6

12. “Half of the World’s Habitable Land is Used for Agriculture”, Ritchie, Hannah, Our World in Data, November 11, 2019.  https://ourworldindata.org/global-land-for-agriculture

13. “When Fossil Fuels Run Out, What Then?”, MAHB Admin, May 23, 2019.   https://mahb.stanford.edu/library-item/fossil-fuels-run/#

14. “Natural Gas Monthly”, December, 2021, U.S. Energy Information Administration.  https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/monthly/#

15. “Oil Left in the World”, March 23, 2022, Worldometer.   https://www.worldometers.info/oil/

16.  “Coal Explained – How Much Coal is Left?”, October 19, 2021, U.S. Energy Information Administration.  https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/coal/how-much-coal-is-left.php#   

17. “Coal Left in the World”, March 23, 2022, Worldometer.    https://www.worldometers.info/coal/#

18. “Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator – Calculations and References”, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references#

19. “The Paris Agreement”, December 12, 2015, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.  https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement

20. www.Whatwouldjuliedo.blog

 

Section 2 – Human Population – A Runaway Train

 

Chapter 4 - The Elephant In The Room

 

1. Malthus, Thomas, 1798, “An Essay on the Principles of Population”, Feather Trail Press, U.S.A.

2. Cafaro, Philip, and Crist, Eileen, 2012, “Life on the Brink”, University of Georgia Press, Athens and London.

3. Ehrlich, Paul, 1968, “The Population Bomb”, Ballantine Books, Random House, Inc., New York, Ballantine Books of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Canada.

4. Hollingsworth, William G., 1996, “Ending the Explosion - Population Policies and Ethics for a Humane Future”, Seven Locks Press, Santa Ana, CA.

5. Seager, John, and Polansky, Lee S., Editors, 2016, “The Good Crisis – How Population Stabilization Can Foster a Healthy U.S. Economy”, Print Matters, Inc., U.S.A.

6. Population Connection, https://populationconnection.org/.

7. Planned Parenthood, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/.

8. Center for Biological Diversity, https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/action/alerts/.

9. Global Gag Rule, https://globalgagrule.org/.

10. “Hunger numbers stubbornly high for three consecutive years as global crises deepen: UN report”, World Health Organization Joint News Release, July 24, 2024, https://www.who.int/news/item/24-07-2024-hunger-numbers-stubbornly-high-for-three-consecutive-years-as-global-crises-deepen--un-report.

11. Living Planet Report 2024, World Wildlife Fund, https://livingplanet.panda.org/living-planet-report-2024-key-messages/.

12. “Progress for Eight Endangered Ocean Creatures”, Ellen Spooner, Smithsonian, https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/marine-mammals/struggling-survive-chance-thrive.

13. EPA (2022) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-22-003.

https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/draft-inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissionsand-sinks-1990-2020

1. “How Many Earths?  How Many Countries?”, https://overshoot.footprintnetwork.org/how-many-earths-or-countries-do-we-need/.

2. Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2019) - “Half of the world’s habitable land is used for agriculture” Published online at OurWorldinData.org.,  https://ourworldindata.org/global-land-for-agriculture.

3. EPA (2022) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-22-003, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/draft-inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissionsand-sinks-1990-2020.

4. My calcs in energy chapter with refs.

5. “Physical Geology”, Charles C. Plummer, David McGeary, W.M. C. Brown Publishers, Debuqe, IA, 1988.

6. “The Long Walk Here”, Gregory E. Williams, Create Space Publishing, Delaware, USA, 2018.

7. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/about/index.html

8. “Silent Spring”, Rachel Carson, 1962, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, New York.

 

 

Chapter 5 - The Problem With People

 

1. Population Connection Oct 2015 p6 – “Planetary Health in the Anthropocene” – source:  Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch:  report of The Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health, July 16, 2015.

2. Discover, July/Aug 2017, “The Future of Food”, by Katherine Mast.

3. 2018 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World

4. U.N. report released in May, 2022? The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).

5. Population Connection, December, 2019, Editor’s Note, Marian Starkey

6. National Geographic, April, 2020, “The Case for Renewal”, Emma Marris.

7. Discover Magazine, Nov/Dec, 2024, “T. Rex Dined on Huge, Plant-Eating Dinosaurs”, Alex Orlando.

8. National Geographic, August, 2018, “Poisoning Africa”, Edwin Dobb.

9. Population Connection, September, 2019, “President’s Note”, John Seager.

10. High Country News, 11/15/19, p3.

11. Discover, June, 2019, University of Washington, “Estimation of emigration, return migration and transit migration between all pairs of countries”, proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2019. 

12. Population Connection – June, 2017.

13. National Geographic, March, 2018, “Drying Lakes”, Kenneth R. Weiss.

14. National Geographic, March, 2021, “A Line in the Mountains”, Freddie Wilkinson.

15. National Geographic, August, 2019, “Humanity in Motion”, Susan Goldberg.

16. National Geographic, Dec, 2017, Rania Abouzeid.

17. National Geographic, August, 2019, “Walking With Migrants”, Paul Salopek.

18. Population Connection, March, 2020, Vol. 52, Issue 1 - “President’s Note”, John Seager.

19. HCN, 10/14/19, “California’s forage wars”, Debra Utacia Krol.

20. HCN, 3/5/18, “An abandoned tradition”, Debra Utica Krol.

21. HCN, 10/14/19, “Severed Ties”, Nick Estes.

22. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019).  World Population Prospects 2019.

23. United Nations, 2021, DESA, Population Division.  “Global Population Growth and Sustainable Development”

24. Dr. Peter Daszak, a disease ecologist and the President of EcoHealth Alliance, who examined the link in a 2008 study published in the Journal Nature.

25. Population Connection, September, 2021, “President’s Note”, John Seager.

26. “Future of the human climate niche”, Chi Xu, Timothy A. Kohler, Timothy M. Lenton and Marten Scheffer, May 4, 2020, 117 (21) 11350-11355, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910114117.

 

Chapter 6 – Reining It In

1. “Light of the Stars”, Adam Frank, astrophysicist, University of Rochester.

2. “Book of Hope:  A Survival Guide for Trying Times”, Jane Goodall and Douglas Abrams.

3. Population Connection, June, 2018 – Stats - President’s Note – John Seager

4. Hannah Ritchie and Edouard Mathieu (2023) - “How many people die and how many are born each year?” Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/births-and-deaths.

5. https://www.guttmacher.org/report/adding-it-up-investing-in-sexual-reproductive-health-2019

6. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017).  World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP/248.

7. “The Good Crisis”, John Seager and Lee S. Polansky, Editors, Copyright 2016 by Population Connection, Print Matters, Inc., U.S.A.

8. Population Connection, September, 2021, “The Declining American Birth Rate Could Actually Be Good for the Economy”, Hillary Hoffower.

9. “2024 Social Security Tax Limit”, Kathryn Flynn, August 9, 2024, https://www.investopedia.com/2021-social-security-tax-limit-5116834

10. “Follow the Money Behind Anti-Abortion Laws”, Ciara Torres-Spelliscy, May 26,2020, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-anti-abortion-laws

11.  https://www.ippf.org/sites/default/files/2016-11/SDG%20and%20FP2020.pdf

12.  https://populationconnection.org/act/media-guide/

13. Population Connection, March, 2016, “Countries With Above-Replacement Rates”. 

14. https://www.waterforpeople.org/

15. Population Connection October, 2015, p 19, “The Blood Cries Out”.

16. “Family planning is helping women in Myanmar protect their health and families”, Si Thu Soe Moe, October 26, 2016,  © UNFPA Myanmar, https://www.unfpa.org/news/myanmar-family-planning-empowers-women-take-charge-their-health-futures

17. National Geographic, August, 2020, “Water Everywhere and Nowhere”, Paul Salopek.

18. https://www.gunviolencearchive.org/

19. Population Connection, March, 2021, “Population and Peace”, sourced from Institute for Economics and Peace.  Ecological Threat Register 2020:  Understanding Ecological Threats, Resilience and Peace, Sydney, September 2020, https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ETR_2020_web-1.pdf

20.  National Geographic, April, 2021, “The Deadly Cost of Dirty Air”, Beth Gardiner.

21. Guxens M, Garcia-Esteban R, Giorgis-Allemand L, Forns J, Badaloni C, Ballester, F, et. al. Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive and Psychomotor Development: Six European Birth Cohorts. Epidemiology. 2014 Jul 16.

22. Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Rosenthal, S., Kotcher, J., Ballew, M., Goldberg, M., & Gustafson, A. (2018). Climate change in the American mind: December 2018. Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication.

23. Clayton, S., Manning, C. M., Krygsman, K., & Speiser, M. (2017). Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, and ecoAmerica.

24. Discover, May, 2021, “Let’s Talk About Reef Grief”, Marta Zaraska.

25. Michael Newton, “Journey of Souls”, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2019, p 268.